Identifiers and Description

Gene Model Identifier

TTHERM_00836580

Standard Name

BTU2 (Beta-Tubulin 2 )

Aliases

146.m00071 | PreTt17770 | 3743.m00003

Description

BTU2 tubulin; Beta-tubulin; ciliary form is phosphorylated by CaMK; multiple polyglycation sites are required for survival and partial removal affects growth, motility, and cytokinesis; transcript destabilized by heat shock; protein identical to Btu1p; hypothetical protein

Genome Browser (Macronucleus)

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Genome Browser (Micronucleus)

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External Links

Gene Ontology Annotations

Molecular Function

Domains

No Data fetched for Domains

Gene Expression Profile

Vegetative Cell Cycle (Zhang et al., 2023)

GeneMania

Tetrahymena Stock Center

  • ( SD01905 ) Micronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding Macronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding
  • ( SD01906 ) Micronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding Macronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding
  • ( SD01907 ) Micronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding Macronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding
  • ( SD01908 ) SD01908
  • ( SD01909 ) Micronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding Macronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding
  • ( SD01910 ) Micronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding Macronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding, not sure if complete
  • ( SD01911 ) Micronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding Macronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding, not sure if complete
  • ( SD01912 ) Micronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding Macronucleus: H4-neo replaces BTU2 coding, not sure if complete
  • ( SD01921 ) Macronucleus: histone H4 promoter sequence then neo coding to replace the BTU2 coding region.
  • ( SD01922 ) Macronucleus: histone H4 promoter sequence then neo coding to replace the BTU2 coding region.
  • ( SD01923 ) Macronucleus: histone H4 promoter sequence then neo coding to replace the BTU2 coding region.

Homologs

No Data fetched for Homologs

General Information

No Data fetched for General Information

Associated Literature

  1. Ref:15470250: Smith JJ, Yakisich JS, Kapler GM, Cole ES, Romero DP (2004) A beta-tubulin mutation selectively uncouples nuclear division and cytokinesis in Tetrahymena thermophila. Eukaryotic cell 3(5):1217-26
  2. Ref:11862218: Thazhath R, Liu C, Gaertig J (2002) Polyglycylation domain of beta-tubulin maintains axonemal architecture and affects cytokinesis in Tetrahymena. Nature cell biology 4(3):256-9
  3. Ref:11864572: Duan J, Gorovsky MA (2002) Both carboxy-terminal tails of alpha- and beta-tubulin are essential, but either one will suffice. Current biology : CB 12(4):313-6
  4. Ref:10847334: Gaertig J (2000) Molecular mechanisms of microtubular organelle assembly in Tetrahymena. The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 47(3):185-90
  5. Ref:10831613: Xia L, Hai B, Gao Y, Burnette D, Thazhath R, Duan J, Bré MH, Levilliers N, Gorovsky MA, Gaertig J (2000) Polyglycylation of tubulin is essential and affects cell motility and division in Tetrahymena thermophila. The Journal of cell biology 149(5):1097-106
  6. Ref:10403369: Nakazawa M, Moreira D, Laurent J, Le Guyader H, Fukami Y, Ito K (1999) Biochemical analysis of the interaction between elongation factor 1alpha and alpha/beta-tubulins from a ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis. FEBS letters 453(1-2):29-34
  7. Ref:10331805: Gaertig J, Gao Y, Tishgarten T, Clark TG, Dickerson HW (1999) Surface display of a parasite antigen in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Nature biotechnology 17(5):462-5
  8. Ref:7804247: Levasseur PJ, Meng Q, Bouck GB (1995) Tubulin genes in the algal protist Euglena gracilis. The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 41(5):468-77
  9. Ref:9072048: Nakamura K, Shigaki Y, Takaya C (1995) Proteolysis of tubulin isotypes within Tetrahymena axonemes. Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 376(12):729-32
  10. Ref:7775576: Gaertig J, Cruz MA, Bowen J, Gu L, Pennock DG, Gorovsky MA (1995) Acetylation of lysine 40 in alpha-tubulin is not essential in Tetrahymena thermophila. The Journal of cell biology 129(5):1301-10
  11. Ref:7651434: Gu L, Gaertig J, Stargell LA, Gorovsky MA (1995) Gene-specific signal transduction between microtubules and tubulin genes in Tetrahymena thermophila. Molecular and cellular biology 15(9):5173-9
  12. Ref:7910408: Gaertig J, Thatcher TH, Gu L, Gorovsky MA (1994) Electroporation-mediated replacement of a positively and negatively selectable beta-tubulin gene in Tetrahymena thermophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91(10):4549-53
  13. Ref:7816630: Gaertig J, Gu L, Hai B, Gorovsky MA (1994) High frequency vector-mediated transformation and gene replacement in Tetrahymena. Nucleic acids research 22(24):5391-8
  14. Ref:8221902: Gaertig J, Thatcher TH, McGrath KE, Callahan RC, Gorovsky MA (1993) Perspectives on tubulin isotype function and evolution based on the observation that Tetrahymena thermophila microtubules contain a single alpha- and beta-tubulin. Cell motility and the cytoskeleton 25(3):243-53
  15. Ref:8102497: Mitchison TJ (1993) Localization of an exchangeable GTP binding site at the plus end of microtubules. Science (New York, N.Y.) 261(5124):1044-7
  16. Ref:8102139: Soares H, Galego L, Cóias R, Rodrigues-Pousada C (1993) The mechanisms of tubulin messenger regulation during Tetrahymena pyriformis reciliation. The Journal of biological chemistry 268(22):16623-30
  17. Ref:1339345: Dupuis P (1992) The beta-tubulin genes of Paramecium are interrupted by two 27 bp introns. The EMBO journal 11(10):3713-9
  18. Ref:1640053: Nakamura K, Okuya Y, Katahira M, Yoshida S, Wada S, Okuno M (1992) Analysis of tubulin isoforms by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the first dimension. Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods 24(3-4):195-203
  19. Ref:1902785: Soares H, Cyrne L, Barahona I, Rodrigues-Pousada C (1991) Different patterns of expression of beta-tubulin genes in Tetrahymena pyriformis during reciliation. European journal of biochemistry 197(2):291-9
  20. Ref:1900051: Penque D, Galego L, Rodrigues-Pousada C (1991) Multiple alpha-tubulin isoforms in cilia and cytoskeleton of Tetrahymena pyriformis generated by post-translational modifications. Studies during reciliation. European journal of biochemistry 195(2):487-94
  21. Ref:1689806: Krawczyńska W, Kludkiewicz B (1990) Polyadenylated RNA during DAPI-arrested regeneration of Tetrahymena cilia. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 92(1):53-60
  22. Ref:2768213: Hirano-Ohnishi J, Watanabe Y (1989) Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of ciliary beta-tubulin in Tetrahymena. Journal of biochemistry 105(6):858-60
  23. Ref:2470096: Harper DS, Jahn CL (1989) Differential use of termination codons in ciliated protozoa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86(9):3252-6
  24. Ref:3137027: Cóias R, Galego L, Barahona I, Rodrigues-Pousada C (1988) Destabilization of tubulin mRNA during heat shock in Tetrahymena pyriformis. European journal of biochemistry 175(3):467-74
  25. Ref:3139885: Barahona I, Soares H, Cyrne L, Penque D, Denoulet P, Rodrigues-Pousada C (1988) Sequence of one alpha- and two beta-tubulin genes of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Structural and functional relationships with other eukaryotic tubulin genes. Journal of molecular biology 202(3):365-82
  26. Ref:3901010: Suprenant KA, Hays E, LeCluyse E, Dentler WL (1985) Multiple forms of tubulin in the cilia and cytoplasm of Tetrahymena thermophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82(20):6908-12
  27. Ref:6413210: Little M, Quinlan RA, Hoffman EJ, Ludueña RF (1983) Identification and characterization of axopodial tubulins from Echinosphaerium nucleofilum. European journal of cell biology 31(1):55-61
  28. Ref:6192014: Barahona I, Rodrigues-Pousada C (1983) Site of tubulin synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis. FEBS letters 158(2):271-5
  29. Ref:7458914: Roobol A, Pogson CI, Gull K (1980) Identification and characterization of microtubule proteins from myxamoebae of Physarum polycephalum. The Biochemical journal 189(2):305-12
  30. Ref:7440655: Gavin RH (1980) The oral apparatus of Tetrahymena. V. Oral apparatus polypeptides and their distribution. Journal of cell science 44( ):317-33
  31. Ref:111932: Marcaud L, Hayes D (1979) RNA synthesis in starved deciliated Tetrahymena pyriformis. European journal of biochemistry 98(1):267-73
  32. Ref:119852: Fliss ER, Suyama Y (1979) Tetrahymena tubulins and in vitro translation of Tetrahymena RNA. The Journal of protozoology 26(3):505-9

Sequences 

>TTHERM_00836580(coding)
ATGAGAGAAATCGTTCACATTCAAGGTGGTCAATGTGGTAACCAAATCGGTGCCAAGTTC
TGGGAAGTCATTTCCGATGAACACGGTATCGACCCCACTGGTACCTATCACGGTGATTCT
GATTTACAATTAGAAAGAATCAATGTTTACTACAATGAAGCTACTGGTGGTAGATACGTT
CCCAGAGCCATTTTGATGGATTTGGAACCTGGTACCATGGATTCCGTCAGAGCTGGTCCT
TTCGGTCAACTCTTCAGACCTGATAACTTCGTTTTCGGTCAAACTGGTGCTGGTAACAAC
TGGGCTAAGGGTCACTACACTGAAGGTGCTGAATTAATTGACTCCGTTTTGGACGTTGTC
AGAAAGGAAGCTGAAGGTTGCGATTGCCTCTAAGGTTTCCAAATCACCCACTCCCTCGGT
GGTGGTACTGGTTCTGGTATGGGTACCCTCCTTATCTCCAAGGTCAGAGAAGAATATCCC
GATAGAATCATGGAAACTTTCTCCGTCGTCCCCTCTCCCAAGGTCTCCGATACCGTCGTT
GAACCCTACAATGCTACTCTTTCCGTCCATCAATTGGTCGAAAATGCTGATGAATGTATG
GTCATCGATAACGAAGCTCTTTACGATATCTGCTTCAGAACCCTTAAGCTCACCACCCCC
ACTTATGGTGATCTTAACCACTTGGTCTCTGCTGCTATGTCTGGTGTTACTTGCTGTCTC
AGATTCCCTGGTCAATTGAACTCTGATCTTAGAAAGCTCGCTGTCAACTTGATTCCCTTC
CCTCGTCTCCACTTCTTCATGATTGGTTTCGCTCCCCTTACCTCCAGAGGTTCTCAATAA
TACAGAGCCCTCACTGTTCCCGAATTAACCCAATAAATGTTCGATGCCAAGAACATGATG
TGCGCTGCTGATCCCAGACACGGTAGATATTTGACTGCCTCTGCTCTCTTCAGAGGAAGA
ATGTCCACCAAGGAAGTTGACGAATAAATGCTTAATGTCTAAAACAAGAACTCTTCTTAC
TTCGTTGAATGGATTCCCAACAACATCAAGTCCTCCATTTGTGATATTCCTCCTAAGGGT
CTTAAGATGGCTGTTACCTTCGTCGGTAACTCCACTGCTATCTAAGAAATGTTCAAGAGA
GTCGCTGAATAATTCACTGCTATGTTCAGAAGAAAGGCTTTCTTACATTGGTACACTGGT
GAAGGTATGGACGAAATGGAATTCACTGAAGCTGAATCCAACATGAACGATCTCGTCTCC
GAATATCAATAATATCAAGATGCTACCGCTGAAGAAGAAGGTGAATTCGAAGAAGAAGAA
GGTGAAAACTGA



>TTHERM_00836580(gene)
ATAATATAATAAATTTAGAAGCGTAGCTTTTTAAAAGAGTAGTTAGATATAATAAAAAGG
AAAATAAATAACCCTAAAAAAATAACTTAAAAAAGATGAGAGAAATCGTTCACATTCAAG
GTGGTCAATGTGGTAACCAAATCGGTGCCAAGTTCTGGGAAGTCATTTCCGATGAACACG
GTATCGACCCCACTGGTACCTATCACGGTGATTCTGATTTACAATTAGAAAGAATCAATG
TTTACTACAATGAAGCTACTGGTGGTAGATACGTTCCCAGAGCCATTTTGATGGATTTGG
AACCTGGTACCATGGATTCCGTCAGAGCTGGTCCTTTCGGTCAACTCTTCAGACCTGATA
ACTTCGTTTTCGGTCAAACTGGTGCTGGTAACAACTGGGCTAAGGGTCACTACACTGAAG
GTGCTGAATTAATTGACTCCGTTTTGGACGTTGTCAGAAAGGAAGCTGAAGGTTGCGATT
GCCTCTAAGGTTTCCAAATCACCCACTCCCTCGGTGGTGGTACTGGTTCTGGTATGGGTA
CCCTCCTTATCTCCAAGGTCAGAGAAGAATATCCCGATAGAATCATGGAAACTTTCTCCG
TCGTCCCCTCTCCCAAGGTCTCCGATACCGTCGTTGAACCCTACAATGCTACTCTTTCCG
TCCATCAATTGGTCGAAAATGCTGATGAATGTATGGTCATCGATAACGAAGCTCTTTACG
ATATCTGCTTCAGAACCCTTAAGCTCACCACCCCCACTTATGGTGATCTTAACCACTTGG
TCTCTGCTGCTATGTCTGGTGTTACTTGCTGTCTCAGATTCCCTGGTCAATTGAACTCTG
ATCTTAGAAAGCTCGCTGTCAACTTGATTCCCTTCCCTCGTCTCCACTTCTTCATGATTG
GTTTCGCTCCCCTTACCTCCAGAGGTTCTCAATAATACAGAGCCCTCACTGTTCCCGAAT
TAACCCAATAAATGTTCGATGCCAAGAACATGATGTGCGCTGCTGATCCCAGACACGGTA
GATATTTGACTGCCTCTGCTCTCTTCAGAGGAAGAATGTCCACCAAGGAAGTTGACGAAT
AAATGCTTAATGTCTAAAACAAGAACTCTTCTTACTTCGTTGAATGGATTCCCAACAACA
TCAAGTCCTCCATTTGTGATATTCCTCCTAAGGGTCTTAAGATGGCTGTTACCTTCGTCG
GTAACTCCACTGCTATCTAAGAAATGTTCAAGAGAGTCGCTGAATAATTCACTGCTATGT
TCAGAAGAAAGGCTTTCTTACATTGGTACACTGGTGAAGGTATGGACGAAATGGAATTCA
CTGAAGCTGAATCCAACATGAACGATCTCGTCTCCGAATATCAATAATATCAAGATGCTA
CCGCTGAAGAAGAAGGTGAATTCGAAGAAGAAGAAGGTGAAAACTGAGGATCCTTAAATT
AAAAATTCAATATATATTTACAAACTTTCATATAAAATAAATATATTATATAAAATTAAT
TTTTAGTGTATTATATTAACATTAAAGCACCAAAAAAACGTGTTAATATACTACTATAAA
ATATAATTTATTCCAAATTGACTAAAATCATTATTTTACAACTCATTTGTATATATATTT
TATGTCAATTATTTTTTTTAACTTTCT



>TTHERM_00836580(protein)
MREIVHIQGGQCGNQIGAKFWEVISDEHGIDPTGTYHGDSDLQLERINVYYNEATGGRYV
PRAILMDLEPGTMDSVRAGPFGQLFRPDNFVFGQTGAGNNWAKGHYTEGAELIDSVLDVV
RKEAEGCDCLQGFQITHSLGGGTGSGMGTLLISKVREEYPDRIMETFSVVPSPKVSDTVV
EPYNATLSVHQLVENADECMVIDNEALYDICFRTLKLTTPTYGDLNHLVSAAMSGVTCCL
RFPGQLNSDLRKLAVNLIPFPRLHFFMIGFAPLTSRGSQQYRALTVPELTQQMFDAKNMM
CAADPRHGRYLTASALFRGRMSTKEVDEQMLNVQNKNSSYFVEWIPNNIKSSICDIPPKG
LKMAVTFVGNSTAIQEMFKRVAEQFTAMFRRKAFLHWYTGEGMDEMEFTEAESNMNDLVS
EYQQYQDATAEEEGEFEEEEGEN